Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology-Nursing Assignments/Essays/Thesis/Proofreading in Melbourne, Sydney

Hi all,

I am a registered nurse. I guide/ tutor nursing students for their Nursing Assignments/ Essays/ Case studies/ Thesis etc. in Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane since 10 years.

I am putting here one of my work.

Question 1:

Explain the pathogenesis and pathophysiology causing the clinical manifestations with which Mr. Das presents.

Answer – Mr. Das has presented with the complaints and symptoms of congestive cardiac failure with fluid volume overload. Congestive cardiac failure, often termed as heart failure is a clinical condition arising from structural and functional cardiac disorders involving impaired cardiac pumping (Arrigo et al., 2019). The syndrome results in pathological changes of vasoconstriction along with fluid retention. Patient with congestive cardiac failure shows symptoms of fluid overload, inadequate tissue perfusion, pulmonary or peripheral congestion with edema as a result of decreased cardiac output to meet the body’s demand of nutrients. Irrespective of the types of etiology, congestive cardiac failure shows similar clinical manifestations. The clinical syndrome usually has an acute onset and the cardiac muscles undergo insidious and progressive changes (Hinkle & Cheever, 2014). And the body activates a compensatory mechanism. The compensatory includes the following:

· Activation of sympathetic nervous system – The sympathetic nervous system is triggered in response to an impaired stroke volume and decreased cardiac output. It results in the release of catecholamine. Catecholamine increases heart rate and myocardial contractility. This is the least effective compensatory mechanism as it initially improves cardiac output but overtime these factors act in a determined fashion resulting in increased myocardial workload.